Anti-corruption reforms in Mongolia
ҮнэгүйAnti-corruption reforms
Petty corruption has been gradually declining in Mongolia, but in general corruption is widespread. Anti-corruption laws and action plans are poorly implemented. The Independent Authority Against Corruption (IAAC) has continued and somewhat stepped up its policy coordination and prevention work, however it lacked independence, resources, and necessary support from state bodies to fully exercise its mandate. Mongolia has also made enforcement efforts to address pervasive grand corruption: several high-level officials were convicted and a number of investigations are ongoing.
Petty corruption has been gradually declining in Mongolia, but in general corruption is widespread. Anti-corruption laws and action plans are poorly implemented. The Independent Authority Against Corruption (IAAC) has continued and somewhat stepped up its policy coordination and prevention work, however it lacked independence, resources, and necessary support from state bodies to fully exercise its mandate. Mongolia has also made enforcement efforts to address pervasive grand corruption: several high-level officials were convicted and a number of investigations are ongoing.
Судалгааны мэдээлэл
- Ангилал:Хүн ам, Улс төр
- Хамрах хүрээ:
- Нийтлэгдсэн он:2019
- Хуудасны тоо:131
- Түлхүүр үг:government policy anti-corruption
- Үзсэн:959
Судалгааны агуулга
Mongolia has adopted the National Anti-Corruption Strategy and its implementation Action Plan with wide stakeholder consultations carried out by the IAAC. The authorities consider the adoption of the policy documents as one of the key achievements in the area of anti-corruption in Mongolia. While the participatory approach is commendable, the shortcomings related to the lack of clear timeframes and measurable indicators may hamper the implementation. The responsible agencies must put necessary efforts and show full cooperation with the IAAC to develop and implement corresponding individual action plans of public bodies. The Government is also encouraged to proactively and systematically engage with civil society addressing the concerns of the stakeholders in this regard.
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................... 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 7
SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE RATINGS ............................................................................. 12
4th MONITORING ROUND RECOMMENDATIONS TO MONGOLIA.................................. 13
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 21
1. ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY ............................................................................................ 23
1.1. Key anti-corruption reforms and corruption trends ............................................................... 23
1.2. Impact of anti-corruption policy implementation .................................................................. 26
1.3. Public awareness and education in anti-corruption................................................................ 32
1.4. Corruption prevention and coordination institutions ............................................................. 33
2. PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION....................................................................................... 39
2.1. Integrity in the civil service ................................................................................................ 39
2.2. Integrity of political public officials .................................................................................... 47
2.3. Integrity in the judiciary and public prosecution service........................................................ 48
2.4. Accountability and transparency in the public sector ............................................................ 70
2.5. Integrity in public procurement ........................................................................................... 73
2.6. Business integrity............................................................................................................... 82
3. ENFORCEMENT OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CORRUPTION ..................... 90
3.1. Criminal law against corruption.................................................................................. 90
3.2. Procedures for investigation and prosecution of corruption offences ............................105
3.3. Enforcement of corruption offences ...........................................................................113
3.4. Anti-corruption criminal justice bodies (police, prosecution and judges, anti-corruption bodies) 115
4. POLITICAL PARTY FINANCING..................................................................................... 121
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 7
SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE RATINGS ............................................................................. 12
4th MONITORING ROUND RECOMMENDATIONS TO MONGOLIA.................................. 13
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 21
1. ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY ............................................................................................ 23
1.1. Key anti-corruption reforms and corruption trends ............................................................... 23
1.2. Impact of anti-corruption policy implementation .................................................................. 26
1.3. Public awareness and education in anti-corruption................................................................ 32
1.4. Corruption prevention and coordination institutions ............................................................. 33
2. PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION....................................................................................... 39
2.1. Integrity in the civil service ................................................................................................ 39
2.2. Integrity of political public officials .................................................................................... 47
2.3. Integrity in the judiciary and public prosecution service........................................................ 48
2.4. Accountability and transparency in the public sector ............................................................ 70
2.5. Integrity in public procurement ........................................................................................... 73
2.6. Business integrity............................................................................................................... 82
3. ENFORCEMENT OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CORRUPTION ..................... 90
3.1. Criminal law against corruption.................................................................................. 90
3.2. Procedures for investigation and prosecution of corruption offences ............................105
3.3. Enforcement of corruption offences ...........................................................................113
3.4. Anti-corruption criminal justice bodies (police, prosecution and judges, anti-corruption bodies) 115
4. POLITICAL PARTY FINANCING..................................................................................... 121
Tables
Table 1 Number of Staff by Category............................................................................................ 41
Table 2 Complaints Received by Civil Service Council .................................................................. 42
Table 3 The System of Courts in Mongolia................................................................................... 50
Table 4 Requested and adopted budget allocations for the judiciary ................................................ 52
Table 5 The amount of salaries of judges of all instances................................................................ 57
Table 6 Statistics on imposed disciplinary sanctions during 2015-2018 ........................................... 58
Table 7 The perceived scope of corruption in the judiciary and law enforcement organizations ......... 60
Table 8 Perceived corruption level of judicial and law enforcement bodies ...................................... 60
Table 9 Adopted budget of the Prosecutor’s Office of Mongolia ..................................................... 65
Table 10 Average remuneration of prosecutors: ............................................................................. 68
Table 11 Public Procurement Volume by Different Methods .......................................................... 77
Table 12 Complaints .................................................................................................................... 80
Table 13 Mongolia in Governance and Doing Business Ratings (2013-2019) .................................. 83
Table 14 Data on execution of IAAC requests by the FIU .............................................................106
Table 15 Statistics on the level of convicted officials ....................................................................114
Table 16 Statistics on the types of corruption offences under investigation of IAAC .......................114
Table 17 State finding of political parties in 2017-2018.................................................................126
Table 1 Number of Staff by Category............................................................................................ 41
Table 2 Complaints Received by Civil Service Council .................................................................. 42
Table 3 The System of Courts in Mongolia................................................................................... 50
Table 4 Requested and adopted budget allocations for the judiciary ................................................ 52
Table 5 The amount of salaries of judges of all instances................................................................ 57
Table 6 Statistics on imposed disciplinary sanctions during 2015-2018 ........................................... 58
Table 7 The perceived scope of corruption in the judiciary and law enforcement organizations ......... 60
Table 8 Perceived corruption level of judicial and law enforcement bodies ...................................... 60
Table 9 Adopted budget of the Prosecutor’s Office of Mongolia ..................................................... 65
Table 10 Average remuneration of prosecutors: ............................................................................. 68
Table 11 Public Procurement Volume by Different Methods .......................................................... 77
Table 12 Complaints .................................................................................................................... 80
Table 13 Mongolia in Governance and Doing Business Ratings (2013-2019) .................................. 83
Table 14 Data on execution of IAAC requests by the FIU .............................................................106
Table 15 Statistics on the level of convicted officials ....................................................................114
Table 16 Statistics on the types of corruption offences under investigation of IAAC .......................114
Table 17 State finding of political parties in 2017-2018.................................................................126
Charts
Chart 1 Mongolia’s CPI Scores and Ranks (2012-2018) ................................................................. 24
Chart 2 Frequency of petty bribes paid by households .................................................................... 25
Chart 3 Perception of Corruption by Institutions ............................................................................ 25
Chart 4 IAAC’s Structure ............................................................................................................. 34
Chart 5 IAAC’s Annual Budget .................................................................................................... 36
Chart 6 IAAC’s Staff ................................................................................................................... 36
Chart 7 System of courts in Mongolia ........................................................................................... 49
Chart 8 Structure of the Judicial General Council........................................................................... 51
Chart 9 Perception of corruption level in the judiciary and law enforcement sector in 2018 .............. 59
Chart 10 Doing Business 2019 Indicators for Mongolia.................................................................. 83
Chart 11 Global Competitiveness Report (2017-2018) ................................................................... 84
Chart 1 Mongolia’s CPI Scores and Ranks (2012-2018) ................................................................. 24
Chart 2 Frequency of petty bribes paid by households .................................................................... 25
Chart 3 Perception of Corruption by Institutions ............................................................................ 25
Chart 4 IAAC’s Structure ............................................................................................................. 34
Chart 5 IAAC’s Annual Budget .................................................................................................... 36
Chart 6 IAAC’s Staff ................................................................................................................... 36
Chart 7 System of courts in Mongolia ........................................................................................... 49
Chart 8 Structure of the Judicial General Council........................................................................... 51
Chart 9 Perception of corruption level in the judiciary and law enforcement sector in 2018 .............. 59
Chart 10 Doing Business 2019 Indicators for Mongolia.................................................................. 83
Chart 11 Global Competitiveness Report (2017-2018) ................................................................... 84
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